2023年新能源汽车没有补贴了。

       新能源车企发展面临一系列有利契机，也需要克服不少挑战，在降成本上练内功已成为当务之急

　　全年产销分别完成705.8万辆和688.7万辆，连续8年位居全球第一，同比分别增长96.9%和93.4%……2022年，在政策市场双重作用下，我国新能源汽车交出一份沉甸甸的成绩单。许多人关心：新能源汽车连续两年的高增长，在2023年能否持续？

　　一方面要看到积极因素。在政策端，促消费政策持续发力，购置税优惠政策延续，多地出台购车补贴政策，充换电基础设施建设加力等，都利好新能源汽车消费。在市场端，2022年，我国新能源汽车市场占有率达到25.6%，高于上年12.1个百分点，已进入规模化发展阶段。在供给端，电动化、智能化、网联化技术持续进步，产品体验将不断提升，2022年我国新上市93款新能源汽车，预计今年上市新车将超百款。

　　另一方面也要看到挑战和困难。当前，尽管芯片供应短缺等问题有望得到缓解，但结构性短缺仍然突出，叠加上游原材料价格上涨、新能源汽车购车补贴完全退出等因素，新能源车企面临巨大成本压力。行业数据显示，今年1月，碳酸锂售价跌破每吨50万元，比去年11月的高点下降了两成，但依然比2021年初上涨了约10倍。据测算，一辆搭载70千瓦时动力电池、续航里程超过400公里的某车型纯电动汽车，比2021年时的成本增加了2万多元。

　　总体看，今年新能源车企发展面临一系列有利契机，也需要克服不少挑战，在降成本上练内功已成为当务之急。

　　在降成本上练内功，离不开技术进步和产品结构调整。近年来，我国纯电动汽车的电池、电机、电控系统核心技术领先世界。得益于我国品牌汽车在混动技术上实现群体突破，2022年，插电式混动汽车累计销售151.8万辆，同比增长1.5倍。增程式混动技术同样由于装电量低、电池成本占比小，日益获得主流车企青睐。适时调整产品结构，不仅能顺应市场需求，也有助于降低电池成本。此外，据工信部统计，我国已培育1700余家引领行业发展的数字化车间和智能工厂，其中就有许多新能源汽车工厂。在高端化、智能化、绿色化发展上，新能源车企还要持续加力、提质增效。

　　在降成本上练内功，离不开产业链上下游协同努力。上市公司财报显示，2022年前三季度，动力电池龙头企业宁德时代在全球市场占有率创下新高、营收同比增长187%，整体毛利率却比上年同期下滑8.56个百分点，这与其承担了原材料涨价的部分冲击紧密相关。今年，伴随我国动力电池产能集中释放，动力电池的产品性能和成本经济性有望持续提升。

　　在降成本上练内功，同样离不开对增量市场的强力开拓。2022年前11个月，我国二、三线以下城市新能源汽车销量占比增至54%；2022年全年，我国新能源汽车累计出口67.9万辆，同比增长1.2倍。在加速渠道下沉、市场下沉，拓展二、三线城市乃至农村市场的同时，借助产业先发优势按下出海“快进键”，我国新能源汽车行业有望进一步开拓电动化增量市场，扩大发展空间。

　　练好内功、乘势而上，已经跑出“加速度”的中国新能源汽车必将行稳致远，不断迎来新的发展。

There will be no subsidies for new energy vehicles in 2023.
The development of new energy vehicle enterprises faces a series of favorable opportunities and needs to overcome many challenges. It has become a top priority to practice internal skills in reducing costs
The annual production and sales of 7.058 million and 6.887 million vehicles were completed respectively, ranking the first in the world for eight consecutive years, with year-on-year growth of 96.9% and 93.4% respectively... In 2022, under the dual role of policy and market, China's new energy vehicles delivered a heavy transcript. Many people are concerned about whether the high growth of new energy vehicles for two consecutive years will continue in 2023?
On the one hand, we should see positive factors. At the policy side, the promotion of consumption policy, the continuation of purchase tax preferential policy, the introduction of car purchase subsidy policy in many places, and the construction of charging and replacement infrastructure are all conducive to the consumption of new energy vehicles. On the market side, China's market share of new energy vehicles will reach 25.6% in 2022, 12.1 percentage points higher than that of the previous year, and has entered the stage of large-scale development. On the supply side, the technology of electrification, intelligence and networking continues to progress, and the product experience will continue to improve. In 2022, 93 new energy vehicles will be launched in China, and it is expected that more than 100 new vehicles will be launched this year.
On the other hand, we should also see challenges and difficulties. At present, although the shortage of chip supply and other problems are expected to be alleviated, the structural shortage is still prominent. Coupled with the rising prices of upstream raw materials and the complete withdrawal of subsidies for the purchase of new energy vehicles, new energy vehicle enterprises are facing huge cost pressure. Industry data shows that in January this year, the price of lithium carbonate fell below 500000 yuan per ton, down 20% from the high point in November last year, but still up about 10 times from the beginning of 2021. It is estimated that the cost of a certain type of pure electric vehicle with a 70 kilowatt-hour power battery and a range of more than 400 kilometers is more than 20000 yuan higher than that in 2021.
In general, the development of new energy vehicle enterprises this year faces a series of favorable opportunities, and also needs to overcome many challenges. It has become a top priority to practice internal skills in reducing costs.
Practicing internal skills in reducing costs is inseparable from technological progress and product structure adjustment. In recent years, the core technology of battery, motor and electronic control system of pure electric vehicles in China has taken the lead in the world. Thanks to the group breakthrough in hybrid technology of Chinese brand cars, in 2022, the cumulative sales of plug-in hybrid cars were 1.518 million, up 1.5 times year-on-year. The incremental hybrid technology is also increasingly favored by mainstream car companies due to its low installed power and low battery cost. Timely adjustment of product structure can not only meet market demand, but also help to reduce battery costs. In addition, according to the statistics of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China has cultivated more than 1700 digital workshops and intelligent factories that lead the development of the industry, including many new energy automobile factories. In terms of high-end, intelligent and green development, new energy vehicle enterprises should continue to work harder, improve quality and efficiency.
Practicing internal skills in reducing costs can not be separated from the collaborative efforts of the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. According to the financial report of listed companies, in the first three quarters of 2022, the leading power battery enterprise Ningde Times hit a new high in the global market share and its revenue increased by 187% year on year, while the overall gross profit margin fell by 8.56 percentage points year on year, which is closely related to the impact of the rise in the price of raw materials. This year, with the concentrated release of power battery capacity in China, the product performance and cost economy of power battery are expected to continue to improve.
Practicing internal skills in reducing costs is also inseparable from the strong development of the incremental market. In the first 11 months of 2022, the proportion of new energy vehicle sales in China's second-tier and third-tier cities increased to 54%; In the whole year of 2022, China exported 679000 new energy vehicles, up 1.2 times year on year. While accelerating the channel sinking and market sinking, and expanding the second-tier and third-tier cities and even rural markets, China's new energy automobile industry is expected to further develop the incremental electric market and expand the development space by pressing the "fast forward key" to go to sea with the advantage of industry first mover.
China's new energy vehicles, which have run out of "acceleration", will continue to achieve stability and usher in new development.